Clinical Examination for Male Breast Cancer: What to Expect

Breast cancer is commonly recognized as a major health concern for women, yet it's important to note that men can also be diagnosed with breast cancer. While the risk of breast cancer in men is about 100 times lower than that in women, with a lifetime risk of about 1 in 726, it is still possible for men to develop breast cancer. If you are experiencing any abnormal changes in your breasts, your doctor may perform a clinical examination for male breast cancer.

This examination involves a thorough physical assessment of the breast and surrounding areas by a healthcare professional. This examination aims to detect any abnormalities or signs of breast cancer in the male breast tissue. It is an essential step in the early diagnosis of male breast cancer. A thorough clinical examination by a healthcare professional is essential to detecting male breast cancer. Here's what the clinical examination typically involves:

• Medical history

The healthcare provider will begin by taking a detailed medical history, which includes asking about any breast-related symptoms or changes the patient may have noticed. They will inquire about the duration and progression of any symptoms, as well as any family history of breast cancer or other cancers.

• Visual inspection

During the examination, the healthcare provider will visually inspect the breasts and the chest area. They will look for any abnormalities in the size, shape, or appearance of the breasts, such as lumps, swelling, dimpling, or changes in the skin texture.

• Checking for lumps or masses

The healthcare provider will use their hands to feel the breast tissue and the surrounding area. They will check for the presence of lumps or masses, as well as any areas of tenderness or pain. The examination includes feeling both breasts and the area under the armpits (axillary region) to check for enlarged lymph nodes, which can be a sign of cancer spread.

• Nipple examination

The nipples will also be examined for any abnormalities, such as changes in color, shape, or inversion (when the nipple turns inward). Discharge from the nipple may also be noted during this examination.

• Assessment of skin and nipple changes

The healthcare provider will carefully evaluate the skin of the breasts for any abnormalities, such as redness, rash, or peau d'orange appearance (skin resembling an orange peel). They will also note any unusual changes in the appearance of the nipple, such as scaling or crusting.

• Gynecomastia evaluation

Gynecomastia is a benign condition in which breast tissue in males becomes enlarged due to hormonal imbalance or specific medications. It is the most common non-cancerous breast condition in males. The healthcare provider will assess the breast tissue to differentiate between gynecomastia and suspicious lumps that require further investigation.

It is important to note that clinical examination alone cannot definitively diagnose male breast cancer. If any abnormalities or concerning findings are detected during the clinical examination, additional tests such as mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy will be performed to confirm the diagnosis of male breast cancer. Anticipating these additional tests may help alleviate any feelings of uncertainty about what’s to come. Be assured that these tests will only contribute to a more accurate diagnosis, which can pave the way for a better outcome.

If you notice any changes or abnormalities in your breasts, including lumps, nipple changes, or skin changes, it's essential to promptly consult a healthcare professional for a thorough clinical examination and appropriate follow-up evaluations. While some people may experience feeling of unease during the exam, it is essential to bear in mind that early detection and timely medical intervention are crucial for improving the prognosis and treatment outcomes for male breast cancer.