Can Naturally Lowering PSA Levels Prevent Prostate Cancer?

PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen. It is a protein produced by both normal and malignant cells in the prostate gland, which is a small, walnut-shaped gland that produces seminal fluid in men. PSA levels can be detected and measured through a blood test.

The PSA test is commonly used in the context of prostate cancer screening and monitoring. Elevated levels of PSA in the blood can be an indication of various prostate conditions, including prostate cancer, but can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate).

It's important to note that while elevated PSA levels can be a cause for concern, they do not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer. Other factors such as age, overall health and family history should also be considered when interpreting PSA results. Further evaluation, often including a digital rectal exam and possibly a biopsy, is typically needed to make a definitive diagnosis.

Furthermore, changes in PSA level may not translate into effects on prostate cancer itself, so interventions that affect PSA may not help patients reduce prostate cancer risk or improve outcomes from prostate cancer (see below). Prostate cancer is first and foremost a disease associated with aging rather than any specific lifestyle factor.

There are some lifestyle changes that may help support prostate health and potentially lower PSA levels.

• Diet

While there is currently no evidence to show that any one food can prevent prostate cancer, it is generally recommended by healthcare professionals to adopt a healthy pattern of eating to help in maintaining normal PSA levels. This includes:

• Avoiding or eating less processed foods
• Limiting consumption of red meat such as pork, beef and lamb
• Limiting salt and sugar consumption
• Overeating
• Eating the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables

Several supplements including antioxidants, phytoestrogens, green tea catechins, vitamins, and fruit extracts (including saw palmetto) have been described to have effects on PSA. However, (1) data are inconclusive, and have not shown any benefit on prostate cancer itself, and (2) ingredients in supplements may be uncertain due to less stringent quality control than for FDA-regulated medications. Thus, there are currently no clinical recommendations on the intake of these foods or supplements in relation to lowering PSA levels or preventing prostate cancer.

• Exercise

It is unclear whether physical activity has an association with prostate cancer risk. In an observational study, men over 65 with the highest levels of vigorous exercise had a reduced risk of advanced or fatal prostate cancer, but this did not prove a protective effect, and other data are conflicting. There are more robust data to suggest that exercise is beneficial for combating the effects of androgen deprivation therapy sometimes used once a patient is diagnosed with prostate cancer.

It is of utmost importance to note that these methods should be used in conjunction with, and not as a replacement for, medical advice and treatment prescribed by a healthcare professional. Always consult with your doctor before making significant changes to your healthcare regimen.

Lowering PSA levels through lifestyle changes or interventions is not a guaranteed method for preventing prostate cancer. While maintaining a healthy lifestyle and making certain dietary and exercise choices may contribute to overall prostate health, it's important to remember that PSA levels are just one factor in a complex landscape of prostate health. Prostate cancer is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Some risk factors, such as age, family history and genetics cannot be changed.

If you have concerns about your prostate health or are at higher risk due to family history or other factors, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional. They can provide personalized advice, recommend appropriate screenings, and discuss any necessary medical interventions or treatments.

Learn more: Are You at Risk of Prostate Cancer?